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Going Concern Assumption – the company will remain in business and will carry out existing commitments. Note that another basis for valuing elements of financial
statements is coming into play. With the
convergence of global standards, fair value is used more in the United States
to value elements of financial statements. Companies are still allowed to present certain figures without abiding by GAAP guidelines, provided that they clearly identify those figures as not conforming to GAAP.

• The extensive generally accepted accounting principles (US GAAP) are found in the authoritative source known as the Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification.
• Our GST Software helps CAs, tax experts & business to manage returns & invoices in an easy manner.
• This might mean allocating costs
  over more than one accounting or reporting period.
• Some examples of this include any pending litigation, acquisition information, methods used to calculate certain figures, or stock options.

Providing a standardized methodology makes it easier for investors to compare the financial results of different firms, such as competing ones operating in the same sector. In short, accounting conventions serve to fill in the gaps not yet addressed by accounting standards. Sometimes, there is not a definitive guideline in the accounting standards that govern a specific situation. A Generally Accepted Accounting Principle (GAAP) will only be useful or relevant if it satisfies the requirements of its users. These principles provide necessary and required information to accountants or stakeholders.

Where Are Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) Used?

The consistency principle states that an accounting policy/method, once adopted, should be consistently practiced. In other words, the set of financial statements can only be compared when accounting treatment and presentation of both financial statements are the same; otherwise, there will be a need to make adjustments. If a financial statement is not prepared using GAAP, investors should be cautious. Without GAAP, comparing financial statements of different companies would be extremely difficult, even within the same industry, making an apples-to-apples comparison hard.

The SEC regulates the financial reporting of companies selling their shares in the United States, whether US GAAP or IFRS are used. The basics of accounting discussed in this chapter are the same under either set of guidelines. The economic activity of a business is normally recorded and reported in money terms. Money
measurement is the use of a monetary unit such as the dollar instead of physical or other units of
measurement.

When was GAAP established?

In order for companies to record the myriad of transactions they have each year, there is a need for a simple but detailed system. Accounting conventions also dictate that adjustments to line items should not be made for inflation or market value. the difference between net 30 and due in 30 days For example, if a building costs $50,000 when it is purchased, it should remain on the books at $50,000, regardless of whether it is worth more now. CAs, experts and businesses can get GST ready with Clear GST software & certification course.

Full disclosure principle

The majority of the world’s accounting is conducted in accordance IFRS with the main exception being the USA. The United States has the Financial Accounting Standards Board which acts in a similar role as the IASB and they issue the GAAP – General Accepted Accounting Principles. At the introductory level, the main principles, assumptions and concepts of accounting are very similar between IFRS and GAAP. Many businesses are required to have their financial statements audited to assure the users that the amounts are objective and reliable.

Before implementing the different types of accounting principles in your accounting processes, it is important to know the characteristics of such principles. Financial accounting also has limitations—typically revolving around information that is missing from, or just not included in, financial statements, which can hamper decision making. Ashish Kumar Srivastav (writing for WallStreetMojo) and True Tamblin (writing for Finance Strategists) discuss these limitations at length, but some of the most common limitations are listed below. Following these principles helps businesses create accurate financial reports, improving their overall performance and success.

5: Describe Principles, Assumptions, and Concepts of Accounting and Their Relationship to Financial Statements

The wholesaler does
not recognize the revenue from this sale in June, when the order was placed, or
in August, when the cash was received. For recording purposes, the revenue is recognized by the wholesaler in
July, when the coffee mugs were delivered to the coffeehouse. GAAP may be contrasted with pro forma accounting, which is a non-GAAP financial reporting method.

GAAP vs. IFRS

If customers pay in advance, the revenues will be recognized (reported) after the money was received. The going concern assumption means the accountant believes that the company will not be liquidated in the foreseeable future. In other words, the company will be able to continue operating long enough to meet its obligations and commitments. As a result, the accountant can continue to report most assets at their historical cost and can defer some costs to future periods. The
ending account balance is found by calculating the
difference between debits and credits for each account. You will
often see the terms debit and
credit represented in shorthand,
written as DR or dr and CR or
cr, respectively.

This means the period of time in which you performed
the service or gave the customer the product is the period in which
revenue is recognized. The accrual accounting method aligns with this principle, and it records transactions related to revenue earnings as they occur, not when cash is collected. The revenue recognition principle may be updated periodically to reflect more current rules for reporting. A potential or existing investor wants timely information by which to measure the performance of the company, and to help decide whether to invest.